Current position in this corpus
This corpus now spans a continuum from broad cerebral organoids to explicitly patterned forebrain, brainstem, midbrain, hindbrain, hippocampal, and cerebellar protocols.
Strong supporting sources
- Lancaster 2014
- Sloan 2018
- Giandomenico 2021
- Fitzgerald 2024
- Ullah 2025
- Eura 2020
- Pomeshchik 2020
- Zagare 2021
- Valiulahi 2021
- Chen 2023
- Atamian 2024
Working synthesis
- Lancaster and Giandomenico remain broad cerebral references, whereas Sloan and Ullah move toward cleaner forebrain or telencephalic control.
- Eura, Zagare, and Chen extend the corpus into brainstem and midbrain workflows, with Chen emphasizing miniaturization and screening-friendly control.
- Valiulahi, Pomeshchik, and Atamian fill caudal hindbrain, hippocampal, and cerebellar territory that would otherwise be missing from a forebrain-heavy brain collection.
Main tension
- region-specific fidelity versus broad developmental diversity
- screening-friendly control versus architectural richness and maturation
Open questions
- Which subregion protocol best matches the desired cell types, maturity window, and assay readout?
- Which protocol differences reflect true regional specification versus engineering for throughput or disease modeling?